Ubushize twaganiriye kumashanyarazi ya Vacuum (EVP muri make).Nkuko dushobora kubibona, hari ibyiza byinshi bya EVP.EVP nayo ifite ibibi byinshi, harimo urusaku.Mu gace ka plateau, kubera umuvuduko muke wumwuka, EVP ntishobora gutanga urugero rwinshi rwa vacuum nko mu kibaya, kandi ubufasha bwa vacuum butera ubukene, kandi imbaraga za pedal zizaba nini.Hano hari amakosa abiri yica cyane.Imwe muriyo igihe cyo kubaho.EVP zimwe zihenze zifite igihe cyo kubaho kitarenze amasaha 1.000.Ibindi ni imyanda.Twese tuzi ko iyo ikinyabiziga cyamashanyarazi kiri ku nkombe cyangwa feri, imbaraga zo guterana zishobora gutwara moteri kuzunguruka kugirango itange amashanyarazi.Iyi miyoboro irashobora kwishyuza bateri no kubika izo mbaraga.Uku gufata feri yo kugarura ingufu.Ntugapfobye izo mbaraga.Muri NEDC cycle yimodoka yoroheje, niba ingufu za feri zishobora kugarurwa byuzuye, irashobora kuzigama 17%.Mubihe bisanzwe mumijyi, igipimo cyingufu zikoreshwa nikinyabiziga feri ningufu zose zitwara gishobora kugera kuri 50%.Birashobora kugaragara ko niba igipimo cyo kongera ingufu za feri gishobora kunozwa, urugendo rwo kugenda rushobora kwagurwa cyane kandi ubukungu bwimodoka bukaba bwiza.EVP ihujwe na sisitemu yo gufata feri, bivuze ko imbaraga zo gufata feri ya moteri irengerwa hejuru yingufu zambere zo gufata feri, kandi imbaraga zo gufata feri yambere ntizihinduka.Igipimo cyo kugarura ingufu ni gito, gusa 5% bya Bosch iBooster yavuzwe nyuma.Byongeye kandi, ihumure rya feri rirakennye, kandi guhuza no guhinduranya feri yoguhindura moteri no gufata feri yo guterana bizatanga ihungabana.
Ishusho yavuzwe haruguru yerekana igishushanyo cya SCB
Nubwo bimeze bityo, EVP iracyakoreshwa henshi, kubera ko kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi ari bike, kandi ubushobozi bwo gushushanya chassis murugo nabwo burakennye cyane.Benshi muribo bakoporora chassis.Ntibishoboka rwose gushushanya chassis kubinyabiziga byamashanyarazi.
Niba EVP idakoreshejwe, birakenewe EHB (Electronic Hydraulic Brake Booster).EHB irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri, bumwe hamwe nubushakashatsi bwumuvuduko mwinshi, mubisanzwe byitwa ubwoko butose.Ikindi nuko moteri isunika piston ya master silinderi, mubisanzwe bita ubwoko bwumye.Hybrid ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu nibyambere byambere, kandi mubisanzwe uhagarariye aba nyuma ni Bosch iBooster.
Reka tubanze turebe kuri EHB hamwe na voltage yumuriro mwinshi, mubyukuri ni verisiyo yongerewe ya ESP.ESP irashobora kandi gufatwa nkubwoko bwa EHB, ESP irashobora gufata feri.
Igishushanyo cyibumoso nigishushanyo mbonera cyuruziga rwa ESP:
a - kugenzura valve N225
b - kugenzura imbaraga zifite umuvuduko mwinshi N227
c - amavuta yinjira muri valve
d - ububiko bwa peteroli
e - silinderi
f - gusubiza pompe
g - servo ikora
h - umuterankunga muto
Mu cyiciro cyo kuzamura imbaraga, moteri hamwe nuwiyegeranya byubaka pre-press kugirango pompe igaruka ikurura amazi ya feri.N225 irafunzwe, N227 irakingurwa, na peteroli yinjira mumavuta ikomeza gukingurwa kugeza igihe uruziga rufungiwe imbaraga zisabwa zo gufata feri.
Ibigize EHB mubyukuri birasa nubwa ESP, usibye ko umutwaro wumuvuduko muke usimburwa numuyoboro mwinshi.Ikusanyirizo ryumuvuduko mwinshi rirashobora kubaka igitutu rimwe no kugikoresha inshuro nyinshi, mugihe umuvuduko muke wa ESP urashobora kubaka igitutu rimwe kandi ushobora gukoreshwa rimwe gusa.Igihe cyose ikoreshejwe, igice cyibanze cya ESP hamwe nibisobanuro byuzuye bya pompe ya plunger bigomba guhangana nubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe numuvuduko mwinshi, kandi guhora kandi kenshi bizagabanya ubuzima bwayo.Noneho hariho umuvuduko muke wikwirakwiza ryumuvuduko muke.Mubisanzwe, imbaraga zo gufata feri ntarengwa ni 0.5g.Imbaraga zisanzwe zo gufata feri ziri hejuru ya 0.8g, naho 0.5g iri kure bihagije.Mugutangira igishushanyo, sisitemu yo gufata feri igenzurwa na ESP yakoreshejwe gusa mubihe bike byihutirwa, bitarenze inshuro 10 kumwaka.Kubwibyo, ESP ntishobora gukoreshwa nka sisitemu isanzwe yo gufata feri, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa rimwe na rimwe mugihe cyabafasha cyangwa cyihutirwa.
Ifoto iri hejuru yerekana umuvuduko mwinshi wa Toyota EBC, isa nkaho isoko ya gaze.Igikorwa cyo gukora ibintu byegeranya umuvuduko mwinshi ningingo itoroshye.Bosch yabanje gukoresha imipira yo kubika ingufu.Imyitozo yerekanye ko azote ishingiye kuri azote ikwirakwiza umuvuduko mwinshi.
Toyota niyo yambere yakoresheje sisitemu ya EHB mumodoka yakozwe cyane, niyo Prius yambere (parameter | ifoto) yatangijwe mumpera za 1997, Toyota ayita EBC.Kubijyanye no gufata feri yo kugarura ingufu, EHB iratera imbere cyane ugereranije na EVP gakondo, kuko ikuwe kuri pedal kandi irashobora kuba sisitemu yuruhererekane.Moteri irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo kugarura ingufu mbere, kandi feri ikongerwaho murwego rwanyuma.
Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2000, Bosch yanakoze EHB yayo, yakoreshejwe kuri Mercedes-Benz SL500.Mercedes-Benz yise SBC.Sisitemu ya EHB ya Mercedes-Benz yakoreshwaga mu modoka za lisansi, kimwe na sisitemu yo gufasha.Sisitemu yari igoye cyane kandi yari ifite imiyoboro myinshi, kandi Mercedes-Benz yibukije E-Urwego (ibipimo | amashusho), SL-urwego (ibipimo | amashusho) na CLS-ibyiciro (ibipimo | Ifoto) sedan, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ni kinini cyane muremure, kandi bisaba amafaranga arenga 20.000 yo gusimbuza SBC.Mercedes-Benz yahagaritse gukoresha SBC nyuma ya 2008. Bosch yakomeje kunoza iyi sisitemu maze ahinduranya azote ikwirakwiza ingufu za azote.Muri 2008, yatangije HAS-HEV, ikoreshwa cyane mu binyabiziga bivangwa mu Burayi na BYD mu Bushinwa.
Nyuma, TRW nayo yatangije sisitemu ya EHB, TRW yise SCB.Ibyinshi muri Hybride ya Ford muri iki gihe ni SCBs.
Sisitemu ya EHB iragoye cyane, ikusanyirizo ryinshi rya voltage itinya kunyeganyega, ubwizerwe ntabwo buri hejuru, ingano nayo nini, igiciro nacyo kinini, ubuzima bwa serivisi nabwo burabazwa, kandi ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ni kinini.Mu mwaka wa 2010, Hitachi yatangije EHB ya mbere yumye ku isi, ari yo E-ACT, ari nayo EHB yateye imbere muri iki gihe.indwara.Inzira ya R&D ya E-ACT ni nkimyaka 7, nyuma yimyaka 5 yo kwizerwa.Mu mwaka wa 2013 ni bwo Bosch yatangije iBooster yo mu gisekuru cya mbere, naho iBooster yo mu gisekuru cya kabiri mu 2016. Igisekuru cya kabiri iBooster cyageze ku bwiza bwa E-ACT ya Hitachi, kandi Abayapani bari imbere y’Abadage mu rwego rwa EHB.
Ishusho yavuzwe haruguru yerekana imiterere ya E-ACT
EHB yumye itwara inkoni yo gusunika kuri moteri hanyuma igasunika piston ya silinderi nkuru.Imbaraga zo kuzunguruka za moteri zihindurwamo imbaraga zumurongo zinyuze mumashanyarazi (E-ACT).Muri icyo gihe, imipira yumupira nayo igabanya, igabanya umuvuduko wa moteri Kuri Kwiyongera kwumuriro gusunika piston master silinderi.Ihame riroroshye cyane.Impamvu abantu babanjirije badakoresheje ubu buryo nuko sisitemu yo gufata feri yimodoka ifite ibyangombwa bisabwa cyane byo kwizerwa, kandi hagomba kubikwa imikorere ihagije.Ingorabahizi iri muri moteri, isaba ubunini buke bwa moteri, umuvuduko mwinshi (impinduramatwara irenga 10,000 kumunota), urumuri runini, hamwe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwiza.Kugabanya nabyo biragoye kandi bisaba gutunganya neza.Mugihe kimwe, birakenewe gukora sisitemu yogukoresha hamwe na sisitemu ya hydraulic ya sisitemu.Kubwibyo, EHB yumye yagaragaye bitinze.
Ishusho hejuru irerekana imiterere yimbere yisekuru yambere iBooster.
Ibikoresho byinyo bikoreshwa mukwihuta kwibyiciro bibiri kugirango byongere umurongo wumurongo.Tesla ikoresha iBooster yo mu gisekuru cya mbere hirya no hino, kimwe n’imodoka zose nshya z’ingufu za Volkswagen na Porsche 918 ikoresha iBooster yo mu gisekuru cya mbere, Cadillac CT6 ya GM na Bolt EV ya Chevrolet nayo ikoresha iBooster yo mu gisekuru cya mbere.Iki gishushanyo ngo kizahindura 95% yingufu zoguhindura feri mumashanyarazi, bizamura cyane urwego rwimodoka nshya zingufu.Igihe cyo gusubiza nacyo ni 75% ugereranije na sisitemu ya EHB itose hamwe nubushakashatsi bukabije.
Ishusho iburyo hejuru ni Igice cyacu # EHB-HBS001 Amashanyarazi ya Hydraulic Brake Booster ni kimwe nishusho ibumoso hejuru.Iteraniro ryibumoso nigisekuru cya kabiri iBooster, ikoresha ibikoresho byicyiciro cya kabiri cyinyo kugeza kumurongo wambere wumupira wo kwihuta, kugabanya cyane amajwi no kunoza neza kugenzura.Bafite ibicuruzwa bine byuruhererekane kandi ubunini bwa booster buri hagati ya 4.5kN na 8kN, naho 8kN irashobora gukoreshwa mumodoka ntoya yabagenzi 9.
IBC izashyirwa ahagaragara kuri platform ya GM K2XX muri 2018, ikaba ari serivise ya GM.Menya ko iyi ari imodoka ya lisansi.Birumvikana ko ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi nabyo bishobora gukoreshwa.
Igishushanyo mbonera no kugenzura sisitemu ya hydraulic iragoye, bisaba gukusanya igihe kirekire uburambe hamwe nubushobozi buhebuje bwo gutunganya, kandi burigihe habaye ubusa muri uru rwego mubushinwa.Mu myaka yashize, iyubakwa ry’inganda zayo bwite ryarirengagijwe, kandi ihame ryo kuguza ryemejwe burundu;kuberako sisitemu yo gufata feri ifite ibisabwa byizewe cyane, ibigo bikivuka ntibishobora kumenyekana na OEM na gato.Kubwibyo, gushushanya no gukora igice cya hydraulic ya sisitemu ya feri ya hydraulic ya feri yimodoka yihariye yihariye imishinga ihuriweho cyangwa amasosiyete yo mumahanga, kandi kugirango dushushanye kandi utange umusaruro wa EHB, birakenewe gukora docking hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera hamwe igice cya hydraulic, kiganisha kuri sisitemu ya EHB yose.Monopole yuzuye yamasosiyete yamahanga.
Usibye EHB, hariho sisitemu yo gufata feri igezweho, EMB, isa neza rwose mubitekerezo.Ireka sisitemu zose za hydraulic kandi ifite igiciro gito.Igihe cyo gusubiza sisitemu ya elegitoronike ni milisegonda 90 gusa, yihuta cyane kuruta iBooster.Ariko hariho ibitagenda neza.Ingaruka 1. Nta sisitemu yo gusubira inyuma, isaba kwizerwa cyane.By'umwihariko, sisitemu y'amashanyarazi igomba kuba ihamye rwose, igakurikirwa no kwihanganira amakosa ya sisitemu y'itumanaho rya bisi.Itumanaho ryuruhererekane rwa buri node muri sisitemu igomba kugira kwihanganira amakosa.Mugihe kimwe, sisitemu ikenera byibura CPU ebyiri kugirango yizere.Ingaruka 2. Imbaraga zo gufata feri zidahagije.Sisitemu ya EMB igomba kuba muri hub.Ingano ya hub igena ubunini bwa moteri, nayo igena ko ingufu za moteri zidashobora kuba nini cyane, mugihe imodoka zisanzwe zisaba 1-2KW yingufu za feri, kuri ubu bikaba bidashoboka kuri moteri ntoya.Kugirango ugere ahirengeye, kwinjiza voltage bigomba kwiyongera cyane, kandi hanyuma biragoye cyane.Ingaruka 3. Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bukora ni bwinshi, ubushyuhe hafi ya feri ya feri buri hejuru ya dogere amagana, kandi ubunini bwa moteri bugena ko moteri ya rukuruzi ihoraho yonyine ishobora gukoreshwa, kandi rukuruzi ihoraho izatandukana nubushyuhe bwinshi .Muri icyo gihe, bimwe mu bice bigize igice cya EMB bigomba gukorera hafi ya feri.Nta bice bya semiconductor bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kandi kugabanuka kwijwi bituma bidashoboka kongeramo sisitemu yo gukonjesha.Ibibi 4. Birakenewe guteza imbere sisitemu ijyanye na chassis, kandi biragoye guhindura igishushanyo, bikavamo ibiciro byiterambere cyane.
Ikibazo cyingufu za feri zidahagije za EMB ntizishobora gukemuka, kuko imbaraga za magnetisme ya magneti ihoraho, niko ubushyuhe bwa Curie bugabanuka, kandi EMB ntishobora guca kumupaka.Ariko, niba ibisabwa kugirango feri igabanuke, EMB irashobora kuba ingirakamaro.Sisitemu yo guhagarika parike ya elegitoronike EPB ni feri ya EMB.Noneho hariho EMB yashyizwe kumuziga winyuma idasaba imbaraga zo gufata feri nyinshi, nka Audi R8 E-TRON.
Uruziga rw'imbere rwa Audi R8 E-TRON ruracyari igishushanyo mbonera cya hydraulic, naho uruziga rw'inyuma ni EMB.
Ishusho hejuru irerekana sisitemu ya EMB ya R8 E-TRON.
Turashobora kubona ko diameter ya moteri ishobora kuba ingana nintoki nto.Abakora sisitemu zose za feri nka NTN, Shuguang Industry, Brembo, NSK, Wanxiang, Wanan, Haldex, na Wabco bakora cyane kuri EMB.Nibyo, Bosch, Continental na ZF TRW nabyo ntibizaba ubusa.Ariko EMB ntishobora na rimwe gusimbuza hydraulic feri ya sisitemu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-16-2022